Assiduous critics have found elaborate architectural structures in quite diffuse works—including Miguel de Cervantes’ Don Quixote (1605–15), Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy (1759–67), Giovanni Giacomo Casanova’s Icosameron (1788; 1928). But their “discoveries” are too often put there after the event. Great early novels such as the Chinese Dream of the Red Chamber (1754; first published in English 1929) and the Japanese Tale of Genji (early 11th century) usually develop organically rather than according to geometrical formulas, one incident or image spinning off another. Probably the most tightly structured work, in the Neoclassicists’ sense, is the Icelandic Njáls saga.

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